Spatial distribution of environmental indicators in surface sediments of Lake Bolshoe Toko, Yakutia, Russia
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Published:2019-10-18
Issue:20
Volume:16
Page:4023-4049
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ISSN:1726-4189
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Container-title:Biogeosciences
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Biogeosciences
Author:
Biskaborn Boris K.ORCID, Nazarova Larisa, Pestryakova Lyudmila A., Syrykh LiudmilaORCID, Funck Kim, Meyer Hanno, Chapligin Bernhard, Vyse Stuart, Gorodnichev Ruslan, Zakharov Evgenii, Wang Rong, Schwamborn GeorgORCID, Bailey Hannah L., Diekmann BernhardORCID
Abstract
Abstract. Rapidly changing climate in the Northern Hemisphere and associated
socio-economic impacts require reliable understanding of lake systems as
important freshwater resources and sensitive sentinels of environmental
change. To better understand time-series data in lake sediment cores, it is
necessary to gain information on within-lake spatial variabilities of
environmental indicator data. Therefore, we retrieved a set of 38 samples
from the sediment surface along spatial habitat gradients in the boreal,
deep, and yet pristine Lake Bolshoe Toko in southern Yakutia, Russia. Our
methods comprise laboratory analyses of the sediments for multiple proxy
parameters, including diatom and chironomid taxonomy, oxygen isotopes from
diatom silica, grain-size distributions, elemental compositions (XRF),
organic carbon content, and mineralogy (XRD). We analysed the lake water for
cations, anions, and isotopes. Our results show that the diatom assemblages
are strongly influenced by water depth and dominated by planktonic species,
i.e. Pliocaenicus bolshetokoensis. Species richness and diversity are higher in the northern part of the
lake basin, associated with the availability of benthic, i.e. periphytic,
niches in shallower waters. δ18Odiatom values are higher
in the deeper south-western part of the lake, probably related to water
temperature differences. The highest amount of the chironomid taxa
underrepresented in the training set used for palaeoclimate inference was
found close to the Utuk River and at southern littoral and profundal sites.
Abiotic sediment components are not symmetrically distributed in the lake
basin, but vary along restricted areas of differential environmental forcing.
Grain size and organic matter are mainly controlled by both river input and
water depth. Mineral (XRD) data distributions are influenced by the
methamorphic lithology of the Stanovoy mountain range, while elements (XRF)
are intermingled due to catchment and diagenetic differences. We conclude
that the lake represents a valuable archive for multiproxy environmental
reconstruction based on diatoms (including oxygen isotopes), chironomids, and
sediment–geochemical parameters. Our analyses suggest multiple coring
locations preferably at intermediate depth in the northern basin and the
deep part in the central basin, to account for representative bioindicator
distributions and higher temporal resolution, respectively.
Funder
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Russian Science Foundation Russian Foundation for Basic Research
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Earth-Surface Processes,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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