Holocene climate and oceanography of the coastal Western United States and California Current System
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Published:2023-01-24
Issue:1
Volume:19
Page:199-232
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ISSN:1814-9332
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Container-title:Climate of the Past
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Clim. Past
Author:
Palmer Hannah M.ORCID, Vriesman Veronica PadillaORCID, Livsey Caitlin M., Fish Carina R., Hill Tessa M.
Abstract
Abstract. Examination of climatic and oceanographic changes through the Holocene
(11.75 ka–present) allows for an improved understanding and
contextualization of modern climate change. Climate records of the Holocene
can be utilized as a “baseline” from which to compare modern climate and
can also provide insights into how environments experience and recover from
change. However, individual studies on Holocene climate in the literature
tend to focus on a distinct geographic location, a specific proxy record, or
a certain aspect of climate (e.g., upwelling or precipitation), resulting in
localized, record-specific trends rather than a comprehensive view of
climate variability through the Holocene. Here we synthesize the major
oceanographic and terrestrial changes that have occurred in the Western
United States (bounded by 30 to 52∘ N and
115 to 130∘ W) through the most recent 11.75 kyr and
explore the impacts of these changes on marine and terrestrial ecosystems. We present a novel spatiotemporal analysis of
Holocene marine and terrestrial temperature, hydroclimate, and fire activity
across the Early, Middle, and Late Holocene using a coded analysis of over
40 published studies. Following coded analysis of temperature,
hydroclimate, and fire activity in the paper, we include a broader
literature review of environmental change through the Holocene, including an
examination of the impacts of multi-millennial climate trends on ecological
communities. We find that the Early Holocene is characterized by warming
relative to pre-Holocene conditions, including warm sea surface conditions,
a warm and dry Pacific Northwest, a warm and wet Southwest, and overall
spatial and temporal stability. In the Middle Holocene, these patterns reverse;
this interval is characterized by cool sea surface temperatures, a cool and
wet Pacific Northwest and warm and dry Southwest. The Late Holocene is the
most variable interval, both spatially and temporally, and a novel spatial
trend appears in terrestrial climate with warmer coastal areas and cooler
inland areas. Human communities interacted with the environment throughout
the entire Holocene, as evidenced in archeological and paleoenvironmental
records, yet the recent Era of Colonization (1850–present) represents an
unprecedented environmental interval in many records. Broadly, our analysis
shows linkages between terrestrial and oceanographic conditions, distinct
environmental phases through time, and emphasizes the importance of local
factors in controlling climate through the dynamic Holocene.
Funder
National Science Foundation
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Paleontology,Stratigraphy,Global and Planetary Change
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