Modeling of aerosol property evolution during winter haze episodes over a megacity cluster in northern China: roles of regional transport and heterogeneous reactions of SO<sub>2</sub>
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Published:2019-07-22
Issue:14
Volume:19
Page:9351-9370
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ISSN:1680-7324
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Container-title:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Atmos. Chem. Phys.
Author:
Du Huiyun, Li Jie, Chen Xueshun, Wang Zifa, Sun YeleORCID, Fu PingqingORCID, Li Jianjun, Gao Jian, Wei Ying
Abstract
Abstract. Regional transport and heterogeneous reactions have been shown to play crucial roles in haze formation over a megacity cluster centered on Beijing. In this study, the
updated Nested Air Quality Prediction Model System (NAQPMS) and the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model were employed to investigate the evolution of
aerosols – in terms of the number concentration, size distribution, and degree of aging – in Beijing during six haze episodes between 15 November and
15 December 2016, as part of the Air Pollution and Human Health–Beijing
(APHH-Beijing) winter campaign of 2016. The model exhibited reasonable
performance not only with respect to mass concentrations of PM2.5 and its components
in Beijing but also regarding the number concentration, size distribution, and degree of aging. We revealed that regional transport played a non-negligible role in
haze episodes, with contributions of 14 %–31 % to the surface
PM2.5 mass concentration. The contribution of regional transport to
secondary inorganic aerosols was larger than that to primary aerosols
(30 %–63 % and 3 %–12 %, respectively). The chemical transformation of
SO2 along the transport pathway from source regions to Beijing was the
major source of SO42-. We also found that sulfate formed outside
Beijing from SO2 emitted in Beijing; this sulfate was then blown back
to Beijing and considerably influenced haze formation. Along the transport
pathway, aerosols underwent aging, which altered the mass ratio of the coating of black carbon to black carbon (RBC) and the size distribution of number
concentrations. During the episodes, the geometric mean diameter (GMD)
increased from less than 100 nm at the initial site to approximately 120 nm
at the final site (Beijing), and the RBC increased from 2–4 to 4–8.
During haze episodes with high humidity, the average contributions of gas and
aqueous chemistry, heterogeneous chemistry, and primary emission to sulfate
were comparable. However, their relative contributions varied with pollution
levels. Primary emissions had the greatest impact under light to moderate
pollution levels, whereas heterogeneous chemistry had a stronger effect under
high pollution levels.
Funder
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Atmospheric Science
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