Civil aircraft for the regular investigation of the atmosphere based on an instrumented container: the new CARIBIC system
Author:
Brenninkmeijer C. A. M.,Crutzen P.,Boumard F.,Dauer T.,Dix B.,Ebinghaus R.,Filippi D.,Fischer H.,Franke H.,Frieß U.,Heintzenberg J.,Helleis F.,Hermann M.,Kock H. H.,Koeppel C.,Lelieveld J.,Leuenberger M.,Martinsson B. G.,Miemczyk S.,Moret H. P.,Nguyen H. N.,Nyfeler P.,Oram D.,O'Sullivan D.,Penkett S.,Platt U.,Pupek M.,Ramonet M.,Randa B.,Reichelt M.,Rhee T. S.,Rohwer J.,Rosenfeld K.,Scharffe D.,Schlager H.,Schumann U.,Slemr F.,Sprung D.,Stock P.,Thaler R.,Valentino F.,van Velthoven P.,Waibel A.,Wandel A.,Waschitschek K.,Wiedensohler A.,Xueref-Remy I.,Zahn A.,Zech U.,Ziereis H.
Abstract
Abstract. A large airfreight container with automated instruments for measurement of atmospheric gases and trace compounds was operated on a monthly basis onboard a Boeing 767-300 ER of LTU International Airways during long-distance flights from 1997 to 2002 (CARIBIC, Civil Aircraft for Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container, http://www.caribic-atmospheric.com). Subsequently a more advanced system has been developed, using a larger capacity container with additional equipment and an improved inlet system. CARIBIC phase #2 was implemented on a new long-range aircraft type Airbus A340-600 of the Lufthansa German Airlines (Star Alliance) in December 2004, creating a powerful flying observatory. The instrument package comprises detectors for the measurement of O3, total and gaseous H2O, NO and NOy, CO, CO2, O2, Hg, and number concentrations of sub-micrometer particles (>4 nm, >12 nm, and >18 nm diameter). Furthermore, an optical particle counter and a proton transfer mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) are installed. Aerosol samples are collected for analyses of elemental composition and particle morphology after flight. Air samples are taken in glass containers for laboratory analyses of hydrocarbons, halocarbons and greenhouse gases in several laboratories. Absorption tubes collect oxygenated volatile organic compounds. Three differential optical absorption spectrometers (DOAS) with their telescopes mounted in the inlet system measure atmospheric trace gases such as BrO, HONO, and NO2. A video camera mounted in the inlet provides information about clouds along the flight track. Here we describe the flying observatory and report examples of measurement results.
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Reference67 articles.
1. Bischof, W.: Carbon dioxide measurments from aircraft, Tellus, 22, 545–549, 1970. 2. Bozóki, Z., Sneider, J., Gingl, Z., Mohásci, A., Szakáll, M., Bor, Z., and Szabó, G.: A high-sensitivity, near-infrared tunable-diode-laser-based photoacoustic water-vapour-detection system for automated operation, Meas. Sci. Technol., 10, 999–1003, 1999. 3. Bozóki, Z., Szakáll, M., Mohásci, A., Szakáll, M., Szabó, G., and Bor, Z.: Diode laser based photoacoustic humidity sensors, Sens. Actuators, B 91, 219–226, 2003. 4. Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M., Crutzen, P. J., Fischer, H., Güsten, H., Hans, W., Heinrich, G., Heintzenberg, J., Hermann, M., Immelmann, T., Kersting, D., Maiss, M., Nolle, M., Pitscheider, A., Pohlkamp, H., Scharffe, D., Specht, K., and Wiedensohler, A.: CARIBIC – civil aircraft for global measurement of trace gases and aerosols in the tropopause region, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 16, 1373–1383, 1999. 5. Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M., Slemr, F., Koeppel, C., Scharffe, D. S., Pupek, M., Lelieveld, J., Crutzen, P., Zahn, A., Sprung, D., Fischer, H., Hermann, M., Reichelt, M., Heintzenberg, J., Schlager, H., Ziereis, H., Schumann, U., Dix, B., Platt, U., Ebinghaus, R., Martinsson, B., Ciais, P., Filippi, D., Leuenberger, M., Oram, D., Penkett, S., van Velthoven, P., and Waibel, A.: Analyzing atmospheric trace gases and aerosols using passenger aircraft, EOS, 86, 77–83, 2005.
Cited by
1 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献
|
|