Persistence of moist plumes from overshooting convection in the Asian monsoon anticyclone
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Published:2022-03-10
Issue:5
Volume:22
Page:3169-3189
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ISSN:1680-7324
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Container-title:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Atmos. Chem. Phys.
Author:
Khaykin Sergey M.ORCID, Moyer Elizabeth, Krämer MartinaORCID, Clouser Benjamin, Bucci SilviaORCID, Legras BernardORCID, Lykov Alexey, Afchine ArminORCID, Cairo Francesco, Formanyuk Ivan, Mitev Valentin, Matthey RenaudORCID, Rolf ChristianORCID, Singer Clare E.ORCID, Spelten Nicole, Volkov Vasiliy, Yushkov Vladimir, Stroh FredORCID
Abstract
Abstract. The Asian monsoon anticyclone (AMA) represents one of the
wettest regions in the lower stratosphere (LS) and is a key contributor to
the global annual maximum in LS water vapour. While the AMA wet pool is
linked with persistent convection in the region and horizontal confinement
of the anticyclone, there remain ambiguities regarding the role of
tropopause-overshooting convection in maintaining the regional LS water
vapour maximum. This study tackles this issue using a unique set of
observations from aboard the high-altitude M55-Geophysica aircraft deployed
in Nepal in summer 2017 within the EU StratoClim project. We use a
combination of airborne measurements (water vapour, ice water, water
isotopes, cloud backscatter) together with ensemble trajectory modelling
coupled with satellite observations to characterize the processes
controlling water vapour and clouds in the confined lower stratosphere (CLS)
of the AMA. Our analysis puts in evidence the dual role of overshooting
convection, which may lead to hydration or dehydration depending on the
synoptic-scale tropopause temperatures in the AMA. We show that all of the
observed CLS water vapour enhancements are traceable to convective events
within the AMA and furthermore bear an isotopic signature of the overshooting
process. A surprising result is that the plumes of moist air with mixing
ratios nearly twice the background level can persist for weeks whilst
recirculating within the anticyclone, without being subject to irreversible
dehydration through ice settling. Our findings highlight the importance of
convection and recirculation within the AMA for the transport of water into the
stratosphere.
Funder
FP7 Environment Agence Nationale de la Recherche
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Atmospheric Science
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