Assessing land elevation in the Ayeyarwady Delta (Myanmar) and its relevance for studying sea level rise and delta flooding
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Published:2023-06-15
Issue:11
Volume:27
Page:2257-2281
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ISSN:1607-7938
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Container-title:Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.
Author:
Seeger KatharinaORCID, Minderhoud Philip S. J.ORCID, Peffeköver Andreas, Vogel Anissa, Brückner Helmut, Kraas FraukeORCID, Brill DominikORCID,
Abstract
Abstract. With their low lying, flat topography, river deltas and
coastal plains are extremely prone to relative sea level rise and other
water-related hazards. This calls for accurate elevation data for flood risk
assessments, especially in the densely populated Southeast Asian deltas.
However, in data-poor countries such as Myanmar, where high accuracy
elevation data are not accessible, often only global satellite-based digital
elevation models (DEMs), suffering from low vertical accuracy and remote
sensing artefacts, can be used by the public and scientific community. As
the lack of accurate elevation data hampers the assessment of flood risk,
studying available information on land elevation and its reliability is
essential, particularly in the context of sea level rise impact. Here, we
assess the performance of 10 global DEMs in the Ayeyarwady Delta (Myanmar)
against the new, local, so-called AD-DEM, which was generated based on
topographical map elevation data. To enable comparison, all DEMs were
converted to a common vertical datum tied to local sea level. While both CoastalDEM v2.1 (Kulp and Strauss, 2021) and FABDEM (Hawker et al., 2022) perform comparably well, showing the highest
correspondence in comparison with AD-DEM and low-elevation spot heights,
FABDEM outperforms CoastalDEM v2.1 by the absence of remote sensing
artefacts. The AD-DEM provides a high-accuracy, open and freely available, and
independent elevation dataset suitable for evaluating land elevation data in
the Ayeyarwady Delta and studying topography and flood risk at large scale,
while small-scale investigations may benefit from a FABDEM locally improved
with data from the AD-DEM. Based on the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projections of sea level rise, the consequences of DEM
selection for assessing the impact of sea level rise in the Ayeyarwady Delta
are shown. We highlight the need for addressing particularly low-lying
populated areas within the most seaward districts with risk mitigation and
adaptation strategies while also the more inland delta population should be made
aware of facing a higher risk of flooding due to relative sea level rise in
the next ∼ 100 years.
Funder
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
General Earth and Planetary Sciences,General Engineering,General Environmental Science
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