Biogeographic distribution of three phylotypes (T1, T2 and T6) of <i>Ammonia</i> (foraminifera, Rhizaria) around Great Britain: new insights from combined molecular and morphological recognition
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Published:2021-06-07
Issue:1
Volume:40
Page:61-74
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ISSN:2041-4978
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Container-title:Journal of Micropalaeontology
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language:en
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Short-container-title:J. Micropalaeontol.
Author:
Richirt JulienORCID, Schweizer Magali, Mouret Aurélia, Quinchard Sophie, Saad Salha A., Bouchet Vincent M. P.ORCID, Wade Christopher M., Jorissen Frans J.
Abstract
Abstract. Ammonia is one of the most widespread foraminiferal genera
worldwide. Three phylotypes (Ammonia sp. T1, T2 and T6), commonly encountered in
the northeast Atlantic, are usually associated with the morphospecies
Ammonia tepida. The biogeographic distribution of these three types was previously
investigated in coastal environments around Great Britain based on genetic
assignations. A new method was recently developed to recognize these three
phylotypes based on morphological criteria (i.e. pore size and suture
elevation on spiral side), avoiding the need to use molecular analyses to
identify them. The results presented here allow us to validate the
consistency of the morphometric determination method but also to define more
precisely the pore size variability of each of the three phylotypes, which
is a main criterion for their recognition. Moreover, these results, combined
with earlier molecular and morphological data, enable us to refine the
biogeographic distribution previously established by genetic analyses alone.
The biogeographical distribution pattern presented here supports the
putatively invasive character of Ammonia sp. T6, by suggesting that this phylotype
is currently spreading out over large areas and is supplanting
autochthonous phylotypes (T1 and T2) along the coastlines of the British
Isles and northern France. In fact, only the southwest coast of England and Ireland and the northwest coast of France have not been colonized by
Ammonia sp. T6 yet. Our results also suggest that within the areas colonized by
phylotype T6, T2 may find refuges in the inner parts of estuaries. We
further suggest that the absence of Ammonia sp. T6 in the western part of the
English Channel may be explained by the general surface current circulation
pattern, which impedes further expansion. The high reliability of the
determination method of phylotypes T1, T2 and T6 based on morphology also
allows us to quickly generate large datasets for sub-recent and fossil material.
This new method will make it possible to gain an understanding of the
ecological differences between the three phylotypes and of the historical
changes in their distribution patterns (for example due to changing
anthropogenic factors). Finally, it will allow us to confirm or invalidate
the putative invasive character of phylotype T6.
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
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