Global biomass burning fuel consumption and emissions at 500 m spatial resolution based on the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED)
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Published:2022-11-21
Issue:22
Volume:15
Page:8411-8437
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ISSN:1991-9603
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Container-title:Geoscientific Model Development
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Geosci. Model Dev.
Author:
van Wees DaveORCID, van der Werf Guido R., Randerson James T., Rogers Brendan M.ORCID, Chen Yang, Veraverbeke SanderORCID, Giglio Louis, Morton Douglas C.
Abstract
Abstract. In fire emission models, the spatial resolution of both
the modelling framework and the satellite data used to quantify burned area
can have considerable impact on emission estimates. Consideration of this
sensitivity is especially important in areas with heterogeneous land cover
and fire regimes and when constraining model output with field
measurements. We developed a global fire emissions model with a spatial
resolution of 500 m using MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
(MODIS) data. To accommodate this spatial resolution, our model is based on
a simplified version of the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) modelling
framework. Tree mortality as a result of fire, i.e. fire-related forest
loss, was modelled based on the overlap between 30 m forest loss data and
MODIS burned area and active fire detections. Using this new 500 m model, we
calculated global average carbon emissions from fire of 2.1±0.2
(±1σ interannual variability, IAV) Pg C yr−1 during
2002–2020. Fire-related forest loss accounted for 2.6±0.7 %
(uncertainty range =1.9 %–3.3 %) of global burned area and 24±6 % (uncertainty range =16 %–31 %) of emissions, indicating that fuel
consumption in forest fires is an order of magnitude higher than the global
average. Emissions from the combustion of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the
boreal region and tropical peatlands accounted for 13±4 % of
global emissions. Our global fire emissions estimate was higher than the 1.5 Pg C yr−1 from GFED4 and similar to 2.1 Pg C yr−1 from GFED4s.
Even though GFED4s included more burned area by accounting for small fires
undetected by the MODIS burned area mapping algorithm, our emissions were
similar to GFED4s due to higher average fuel consumption. The global
difference in fuel consumption could mainly be explained by higher SOC
emissions from the boreal region as constrained by additional measurements.
The higher resolution of the 500 m model also contributed to the difference
by improving the simulation of landscape heterogeneity and reducing the
scale mismatch in comparing field measurements to model grid cell averages
during model calibration. Furthermore, the fire-related forest loss
algorithm introduced in our model led to more accurate and widespread
estimation of high-fuel-consumption burned area. Recent advances in burned
area detection at resolutions of 30 m and finer show a substantial amount of
burned area that remains undetected with 500 m sensors, suggesting that
global carbon emissions from fire are likely higher than our 500 m
estimates. The ability to model fire emissions at 500 m resolution provides
a framework for further improvements with the development of new
satellite-based estimates of fuels, burned area, and fire behaviour, for use
in the next generation of GFED.
Funder
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation H2020 European Research Council
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
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