Influence of atmospheric rivers and associated weather systems on precipitation in the Arctic
-
Published:2023-08-08
Issue:15
Volume:23
Page:8705-8726
-
ISSN:1680-7324
-
Container-title:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
-
language:en
-
Short-container-title:Atmos. Chem. Phys.
Author:
Lauer MelanieORCID, Rinke AnnetteORCID, Gorodetskaya Irina, Sprenger Michael, Mech MarioORCID, Crewell SusanneORCID
Abstract
Abstract. In this study, we analyse the contribution of atmospheric rivers (ARs), cyclones, and fronts to the total precipitation in the Arctic. We focus on two distinct periods of different weather conditions from two airborne campaigns: ACLOUD (Arctic Cloud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar day; May/June 2017) and AFLUX (Aircraft campaign Arctic Boundary Layer Fluxes; March/April 2019). Both campaigns covered the northern North Atlantic sector, the area in the Arctic that is affected by the highest precipitation rates. Using ERA5 reanalysis, we identify pronounced regional anomalies with enhanced precipitation rates compared to the climatology during ACLOUD due to these weather systems, whereas during AFLUX enhanced precipitation rates occur over most of the area. We have established a new methodology that allows us to analyse the contribution of ARs, cyclones, and fronts to precipitation rates based on ERA5 reanalysis and different detection algorithms. Here, we distinguish whether these systems occur co-located or separately. The contributions differ between the two periods. During ACLOUD (early summer), the precipitation rates are mainly associated with AR- (40 %) and front-related (55 %) components, especially if they are connected, while cyclone-related components (22 %) play a minor role. However, during AFLUX (early spring) the precipitation is mainly associated with cyclone-related components (62 %). For both campaign periods, snow is the dominant form of precipitation, and the small rain occurrence is almost all associated with ARs. About one-third of the precipitation can not be attributed to one of the weather systems, the so-called residual. While the residual can be found more frequently as convective than as large-scale precipitation, the rare occasion of convective precipitation (roughly 20 %) can not completely explain the residual. The fraction of precipitation classified as residual is reduced significantly when a precipitation threshold is applied that is often used to eliminate “artificial” precipitation. However, a threshold of 0.1 mm h−1 reduces the total accumulated precipitation by a factor of 2 (ACLOUD) and 3 (AFLUX), especially affecting light precipitation over the Arctic Ocean.
We also show the dependence of the results on the choice of the detection algorithm serving as a first estimate of the uncertainty. In the future, we aim to apply the methodology to the full ERA5 record to investigate whether the differences found between the campaign periods are typical for the different seasons in which they were performed and whether any trends in precipitation associated with these weather systems can be identified.
Funder
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Horizon 2020 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Atmospheric Science
Reference73 articles.
1. Akperov, M., Mokhov, I., Rinke, A., Dethloff, K., and Matthes, H.: Cyclones and
their possible changes in the Arctic by the end of the twenty first century
from regional climate model simulations, Theor. Appl.
Climatol., 122, 85–96, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-014-1272-2, 2015. a 2. Akperov, M., Rinke, A., Mokhov, I. I., Matthes, H., Semenov, V. A., Adakudlu,
M., Cassano, J., Christensen, J. H., Dembitskaya, M. A., Dethloff, K.,
Fettweis, X., Glisan, J., Gutjahr, O., Heinemann, G., Koenigk, T., Koldunov,
N. V., Laprise, R., Mottram, R., Nikiema, O., Scinocca, J. F., Sein, D.,
Sobolowski, S., Winger, K., and Zhang, W.: Cyclone Activity in the Arctic
From an Ensemble of Regional Climate Models (Arctic CORDEX), J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 2537–2554,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027703, 2018. a 3. Akperov, M. G., Bardin, M. Y., Volodin, E. M., Golitsyn, G. S., and Mokhov,
I. I.: Probability distributions for cyclones and anticyclones from the
NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and the INM RAS climate model, Izv.
Atmos. Ocean. Phy.+, 43, 705–712,
https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001433807060047, 2007. a, b, c, d 4. Bao, J., Michelson, S., Neiman, P., Ralph, F., and Wilczak, J.: Interpretation
of enhanced integrated water vapor bands associated with extratropical
cyclones: Their formation and connection to tropical moisture, Mon.
Weather Rev., 134, 1063–1080, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR3123.1, 2006. a 5. Bardin, M. and Polonsky, A.: North Atlantic oscillation and synoptic
variability in the European-Atlantic region in winter, Izv.
Atmos. Ocean. Phy.+, 41, 127–136, 2005. a
|
|