Nitric acid in the stratosphere based on Odin observations from 2001 to 2007 – Part 1: A global climatology
Author:
Urban J.,Pommier M.,Murtagh D. P.,Santee M. L.,Orsolini Y. J.
Abstract
Abstract. The Sub-Millimetre Radiometer (SMR) on board the Odin satellite, launched in February 2001, observes thermal emissions of stratospheric nitric acid (HNO3) originating from the Earth limb in a band centred at 544.6 GHz. Height-resolved measurements of the global distribution of nitric acid in the stratosphere between ~18–45 km (~1.5–60 hPa) were performed approximately on two observation days per week. An HNO3 climatology based on roughly 6 years of observations from August 2001 to December 2007 was created. The study highlights the spatial and seasonal variation of nitric acid in the stratosphere, characterised by a pronounced seasonal cycle at middle and high latitudes with maxima during late fall and minima during spring, strong denitrification in the lower stratosphere of the Antarctic polar vortex during winter (the irreversible removal of NOy by the sedimentation of cloud particles containing HNO3), as well as high quantities of HNO3 formed every winter at high-latitudes in the middle and upper stratosphere. A strong inter-annual variability is observed in particular at high latitudes. A comparison with a stratospheric HNO3 climatology based on UARS/MLS measurements from the 1990s shows a good consistency and agreement of the main morphological features in the potential temperature range ~465 to ~960 K, if the different characteristics of the data sets such as altitude range and resolution are considered.
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Reference26 articles.
1. Austin, J., Garcia, R., Russel-III, J., Solomon, S., and Tuck, A.: On the atmospheric photo-chemistry of nitric acid, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 5477–5484, 1986. 2. Brasseur, G., Orlando, J., and Tyndall, G.: Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Change, Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford, 2nd edn., ISBN-0-19-510521-4, 1999. 3. Brohede, S., McLinden, C., Urban, J., Haley, C., Jonsson, A., and Murtagh, D.: Odin stratospheric proxy NO$_y$ measurements and climatology, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 8, 5847–5899, 2008. 4. de~Zafra, R. and Smyshlyaev, S.: On the formation of HNO3 in the Antarctic mid to upper stratosphere in winter, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 23 115–23 125, 2001. 5. Frisk, U., Hagström, M., Ala-Laurinaho, J., Andersson, S., Berges, J.-C., Chabaud, J.-P., Dahlgren, M., Emrich, A., Florén, H.-G., Florin, G., Fredrixon, M., Gaier, T., Haas, R., Hirvonen, T., Hjalmarsson, Å., Jakobsson, B., Jukkala, P., Kildal, P., Kollberg, E., Lassing, J., Lecacheux, A., Lehikoinen, P., Lehto, A., Mallat, J., Marty, C., Michet, D., Narbonne, J., Nexon, M., Olberg, M., Olofsson, O., Olofsson, G., Origné, A., Petersson, M., Piironen, P., Pons, R., Pouliquen, D., Ristocelli, I., Rosolen, C., Rouaix, G., Räisänen, A., Serra, G., Sjöberg, F., Stenmark, L., Torchinsky, S., Tuovinen, J., Ullberg, C., Vinterhav, E., Wadefalk, N., Zirath, H., Zimmermann, P., and Zimmermann, R.: The Odin satellite: I. Radiometer design and test, Astron. Astrophys., 402, L27–34, 2003.
Cited by
4 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献
|
|