Deoxygenation dynamics on the western Nile deep-sea fan during sapropel S1 from seasonal to millennial timescales
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Published:2021-05-12
Issue:3
Volume:17
Page:1025-1050
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ISSN:1814-9332
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Container-title:Climate of the Past
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Clim. Past
Author:
Blanchet Cécile L.ORCID, Tjallingii RikORCID, Schleicher Anja M.ORCID, Schouten Stefan, Frank Martin, Brauer Achim
Abstract
Abstract. Ocean deoxygenation is a rising threat to marine ecosystems and food
resources under present climate warming conditions. Organic-rich sapropel
layers deposited in the Mediterranean Sea provide a natural laboratory to
study the processes that have controlled changes in seawater oxygen levels
in the recent geological past. Our study is based on three sediment cores
spanning the last 10 000 years and located on a bathymetric transect
offshore from the western distributaries of the Nile delta. These cores are
partly to continuously laminated in the sections recording sapropel S1,
which is indicative of bottom-water anoxia above the western Nile deep-sea
fan. We used a combination of microfacies analyses and inorganic and organic
geochemical measurements to reconstruct changes in oxygenation conditions at
seasonal to millennial timescales. Millimetre-thick laminations are
composed of detrital, biogenic and chemogenic sublayers reflecting seasonal
successions of sedimentation. Dark layers reflect the deposition of summer
floods and two types of light layers correspond to autumn plankton blooms
and authigenic carbonates formed in the water column during spring–early
summer, respectively. The isotopic signature of the authigenic carbonates
suggests permanent anoxic to euxinic bottom waters resulting in high levels
of anaerobic remineralization of organic matter and highlights their
potential to reconstruct seawater chemistry at times when benthic fauna was
absent. Ratios of major elements combined with biomarkers of terrestrial and
marine organic matter and redox-sensitive compounds allow changes
in terrigenous input, primary productivity and past deoxygenation dynamics
on millennial timescales to be tracked. Rapid fluctuations of oxygenation conditions in
the upper 700 m water depth occurred above the Nile deep-sea fan between 10
and 6.5 ka BP, while deeper cores recorded more stable anoxic conditions.
Synchronous changes in terrigenous input, primary productivity and past
oxygenation dynamics after 6.5 ka BP show that runoff-driven eutrophication
played a central role in rapid oxygenation changes in the south-eastern
Levantine Basin. These findings are further supported by other regional
records and reveal time-transgressive changes in oxygenation state driven by
rapid changes in primary productivity during a period of long-term
deep-water stagnation.
Funder
GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut voor Onderzoek der Zee Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam - Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Paleontology,Stratigraphy,Global and Planetary Change
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