Acid activation of bentonite clay for recycled automotive oil purification

Abstract

The search for inexpensive and environmentally friendly alternatives for used motor oil (UMO) purification has become a topic of research. In this study, the use of bentonite clay modified by acid activation is proposed. Sulfuric acid, acetic acid (v-acid/w-clay ratio=20, 40 and 60%) and sulfuric/acetic mixtures (1:1 ratio) were used in the bentonite clay activation. The activated clays were used in the UMO treatment in a ratio of 1:4 w/v, using batch adsorption processes (contact time=12 min). To determine the structural and morphological modifications produced by the acid activation process, the clays were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The oil clarification efficiency was quantified by UV-Vis spectroscopy, acidity, alkalinity and viscosity index. It was determined that sulfuric acid and the sulfuric/acetic activations presented a similar bentonite structure transformation, which appears in the cations leaching of intermediate layer. The treated oil with the highest clarifications (with respect to UMO) were the ones treated using bentonite activated with sulfuric acid 40 v/w% and sulfuric/acetic acid (1:1 ratio) with clarifications of 70 and 68%, respectively. The oil treated with clay activated with sulfuric acid (40%) reduced its viscosity, acidity and alkalinity by 23%, 80% and 29%, respectively.