Improvement of Power Quality Using SMES in PV, Wind, Battery, FC and Electrolyzer based AC Standalone Microgrid

Abstract

This paper presents a stand-alone hybrid energy system that utilizes Wind, Solar, Fuel Cell (FC), Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) and Electrolyzer. A novel control methodology has been created to guarantee that the dc-link voltage stays at its designated value by regulating the converters linked to the FC and electrolyzer. The dc-link reference voltage signal is generated by a constant voltage algorithm of a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) for the photovoltaic system (PVS). Consequently, the converters linked to the FC and electrolyzers not only control the dc voltage but also function as an MPPT, removing the necessity for an extra MPPT circuit for the PVS. By properly controlling the dynamics of the FC and electrolyzer, the SMES can charge/discharge instantaneously while the FC/electrolyzer can feed/consume power in a steady state. The proposed control methodology of the dc voltage is simple and requires only a few measurements. Furthermore, a PWM inverter controller was created to uphold voltages at their designated reference level. Extensive simulation results carried out using Simulink on MATLAB platform have demonstrated that the controllers function effectively in both transient and steady state situations.