Dynamics and spatio-temporal distribution of geomagnetic disturbances during periods of increased solar activity and magnetic storms

Abstract

A detailed spatio-temporal analysis of magnetic data was performed during the periods of magnetic storms on October 02, 2013 and September 27, 2019 based on measurements of the station network. In this work, we used a method developed by us for the analysis of magnetic data, based on the use of wavelet transform and adaptive thresholds. The method allows us to identify short-period field disturbances and estimate their intensity from the data of the H-component of the geomagnetic field. The features of the occurrence and propagation of geomagnetic disturbances in the auroral zone and at meridionally located stations have been studied. Dynamic spectra of disturbances of different intensity and duration are obtained. The paper confirms the possibility of occurrence of short-period weak geomagnetic disturbances at stations from high latitudes to the equator, preceding magnetic storms and correlating with fluctuations of the southern Bz-component of the interplanetary magnetic field and increases in the auroral indices of geomagnetic activity. Cross-correlation dependences of the intensity of geomagnetic disturbances on the parameters of the interplanetary medium during magnetic storms were obtained from the data of the network of magnetic stations. A statistically significant influence of the magnitude of the scope of the Bz-component of the IMF and the speed of the solar wind on the development of magnetic storms during the initial and main phases of magnetic storms was revealed.