Study of middle-early cultivars and hybrids of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under irrigation within the conditions of Astrakhan region

Abstract

The objects of research were cultivars and hybrids of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). The purpose of the study was to select the most productive varieties and F1 hybrids of middle-early sweet pepper with high quality fruits for industrial production in irrigated conditions of the Astrakhan region. During the study, it was found that cultivars and F1 hybrids varied in the duration of interphase periods. The period between germination and biological ripeness for cultivars took from 127 to 143 days, and for F1 hybrids – from 126 to 133 days. The cultivars were shorter from 0.42 m (Yaroslav) to 0.68 m (Belozerka), hybrids were from 0.57 m (F1 Pamir) to 0.74 m (F1 Vitamin (st.). The largest fruit weight of 118 g was found at Novichok VNIIOB variety that was in 1.9 times more than the fruit weight of standard variety Podarok Moldovy. Within hybrids, the largest fruit weight of 132 g was noted at F1 Bella Vista, the smallest one of 103 g at F1 Pamir. The yielding capacity of varieties Novichok VNIIOB and Sadovoye Koltso was significantly higher by 2.6-2.8 t/ha compared to the standard cultivar Podarok Moldovy. The F1 hybrids were producing high yield. The yield excess at F1 Bella Vista was by 1.6% and more significantly at F1 Pamir by 6.2% in comparison with the standard. It was revealed a high marketability of fruits which equaled 92-94% for cultivars, 95-96% for F1 hybrids.