Optimization of grape cultivation based on resource-saving elements of agricultural technology

Abstract

The research on the development of resource-saving cultivation technologies of new for Crimea clones of wine grape varieties in comparison with traditional cultivation technologies of example varieties was carried out in order to ensure sustainable economic production of raw materials. As a result of the research, the economic efficiency of cultivation of three clones of wine grape varieties in the conditions of the South Coast zone of Crimea was assessed. The effect of varietal agricultural technology elements, aimed at increasing the yield and its quality parameters, profitability of production of raw materials as well as manual labor optimization was also evaluated. The results showed that spiral cordon AZOS-1 on ‘Aleatiko’ clone 802 with 18 eyes load and ‘Muscat Blanc’ clone VCR-3 with 26 eyes load and short pruning of fruit canes; unilateral horizontal cordon on ‘Muscat Blanc’ clone VCR-3 with load of 33 eyes and long pruning of fruit canes; bilateral horizontal cordon on the variety ‘Cabernet-Sauvignon’ clone R-5 with 36 eyes load and short and medium length of grape canes provide high values of embryonic productivity, shoot-forming capacity, high yield and base wines of high quality. The efficiency of developed elements of the technology of clones of wine grape varieties ranged from 95.5 to 181.7%. Using of AZOS-1 training and short pruning allows to reduce the cost of bush management, the effective time is 1.44 less.