Monitoring of the genetic specifications of the reindeer of Chukotka

Abstract

The aim of the work was to monitor the genetic characteristics of the Chukchi reindeer populations. The development of an effective breeding system, rational use and protection of genetic resources in the populations of the Chukchi reindeer determined the relevance of this work. During 2013-2020, 8 populations were studied - Vayegi, Chaunsky, Vozrozhdeniye, Amguema, Pioneer, Khatyrskaya, Kanchalansky, Ostrovnaya - of different pasture-geographic regions. The material for molecular genetic studies was 1002 samples of muscles and plucks of the deer auricle. Analytical work was carried out in the All-Russian Research Institute of Breeding DNA analysis laboratory. The most common fragments of medium length in the Chukchi breed are loci №. 3 (240-330 bp), 5 (350-430 bp), 6 (440-520 bp), 7 (520-570 bp) (15.38-13.17%). The indicator of the expected heterozygosity in all populations is at a high level: 0.844-0.891. For the first time, a significant amount of information has been obtained on the genetic characteristics of the populations of domestic reindeer in Chukotka - the most remote and vast peninsula of Russia, which is of current scientific and practical importance for the further improvement of selection and breeding work in reindeer breeding.