Green Materials for Sustainable Water Desalination: Nanocomposite Membranes

Abstract

Nanocomposite membranes are being considered as potential options for sustainable water desalination. These membranes offer advantages such as enhanced water permeability, improved salt rejection efficiency, and increased resistance to fouling. This study explores the utilization of environmentally friendly materials in the production of nanocomposite membranes, with the aim of improving both sustainability and performance. The synthesis of key findings is achieved through a systematic literature review and data analysis. Nanocomposite membranes, which include green materials such as biopolymers and natural nanoparticles, exhibit improved water permeability. This is evidenced by water permeability values ranging from 90 to 110 L/m^2·h·bar. Moreover, membranes that utilize environmentally friendly materials have shown a remarkable enhancement in salt rejection efficiency, achieving rates as high as 96% to 100%. The resistance to fouling is also improved, as the membranes exhibit resistance values ranging from 6 to 10 kPa. The advancements can be credited to the favorable characteristics of green materials, such as their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and minimal impact on the environment. The results highlight the promise of green nanocomposite membranes in the field of sustainable water desalination, in line with the increasing focus on environmental accountability in technological advancements. Further research should prioritize the improvement of membrane compositions, fabrication methods, and performance metrics to enhance the sustainability and efficiency of nanocomposite membranes for water desalination applications. This will help address global water challenges in a responsible and environmentally friendly manner.