Enhancing Electric Vehicle Efficiency with a Novel SIMO DC-DC Converter: Integrating Multiple Speed Transmissions and Regenerative Braking

Abstract

An innovative single-input multi-output (SIMO) Direct Current (DC)-DC switched capacitor (SC) converter charged and discharged the flying capacitors by utilising one separate independent voltage source (Vbat or Vin) to control the EV's speed. The switching pulse interval remained constant, allowing for the generation of different voltage ratios. To regulate the velocities of EV, this study developed a number of speed transmissions. Utilising the SIMO DC-DC converter, the chosen and controlled battery voltage was produced. For motoring, or forwarding operation, four transmissions were used, while the other three transmissions were used for regenerative braking. A total of seven transmissions were generated by the proposed converter. Regenerative braking involved feeding the recovered voltage back into the battery, while the motor operated using energy from the fuel cell, photovoltaic cells, and the battery. Electronic add- ons like LED lights, the electric vehicle sound system, and charging ports for mobile devices and laptops all relied on the SIMO DC-DC converter. For various gear ratios, the suggested SIMO DC-DC converter used the energy restored in regenerative braking to recharge the battery. To further validate the proposed system, modelling, simulation, and analysis are employed. The 12 V fixed-voltage input and the 12 to 53 V output voltages are its intended uses. To ensure the system was reliable, it was simulated by the PSIM tool. Validation of the proposed converter provides strong proof of concept for regenerative braking and braking procedures.