Flow distribution in diverging compound channels using improved independent subsection method

Abstract

Experiments have been conducted in three diverging compound channels for different flow conditions to study the flow distribution in floodplain, upper and lower main channel. In a compound channel, vertical apparent shear exists on the interface between the upper main channel and the floodplain, which generally accelerates the flow on the floodplain and resists the flow in the upper main channel. In addition, a horizontal apparent shear stress also occurs on the interface between the upper and lower main channels, which generally accelerates the flow in the lower one and resists the flow in the upper one. Therefore, it is essential to consider the exchanges of momentum at both vertical and horizontal shear layer regions. In this paper, an attempt is made to improve the classical independent subsection method (ISM) to determine the magnitudes of flow and velocities in both upper and lower main channels. Four subsections are created in improved ISM according to the vertical and horizontal division lines that correspond to the vertical interface between the main channel and floodplain and the horizontal interface between upper and lower main channels respectively. The improved ISM consists in a set of four coupled 1D momentum equations (instead three equations of classical ISM) for subsections and a mass conservation equation for the total cross-section. The computed results show that the method is well capable of predicting the discharge distributions in the floodplain and main channel (both at upper and lower main channel).