Review: Relay coordination in DGs with Electric Vehicle

Abstract

This research offers a comprehensive examination of the most effective approach to synchronize overcurrent relays within a protective system alongside protective relay. Every effort has been made to encompass all potential strategies for achieving optimal coordination among overcurrent relays. Both modern approaches, like Harris hawk optimisation, and more traditional ones, such ground-based circuit breakers, are included in this category of overcurrent protection with Electric Vehicle. The operation of a Smart Grid [1] is characterized by varying load demands, generation levels from DGs, and charging/discharging behaviours of EVs. These factors can lead to different fault currents and altered fault impedance profiles at various times. An adaptive coordination scheme can dynamically adjust relay settings based on these changing conditions to optimize sensitivity and minimize coordination time. In this paper briefly discuss traditional approaches but focus mostly on using Harris Hawk Optimisation to enhance the coordination of overcurrent relays. This document compiles citations for all relevant works and offers a concise overview of the study conducted. Furthermore, the outcomes of these methods are documented in their corresponding references.