Productivity and resistance to stress factors of winter wheat varieties bred by ARC “Donskoy”

Abstract

The purpose of the research is to evaluate modern varieties of winter soft wheat bred by the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Agrarian Research Center “Donskoy” (ARC “Donskoy”) in terms of yield, elements of its structure and resistance to bio and abiotic stress factors. On average, over the years of the study (2019–2021), the yield of winter soft wheat varieties bred by the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution ARC “Donskoy” for the predecessor maize for grain changed from 6.33 t/ha for the Don 107 standard to 7.23 t/ha for the new varieties Flagman. Reliable yield increases in all years of the study were formed by the following varieties: Volny Don (+0.61 t/ha; +0.70 t/ha; +0.39 t/ha), Region 161 (+0.67 t/ha; +0.41 t/ha; +0.41 t/ha) and Flagman (+0.57 t/ha, +0.99 t/ha; +1.14 t/ha). An analysis of the correlation relationships between the yield of winter soft wheat varieties with elements of its structure showed that productivity in the conditions of 2019–2021 the following indicators had the maximum influence: productive bushiness (r=0.27±0.15), weight of 1000 grains (r=0.32±0.14) and density of productive stems (r=0.45±0.10). High frost resistance was noted in such varieties as Zhavoronok (74.4%), Region 161 (84.2%) and Aksai (70.5%). According to the results of the correlation analysis of yield with resistance to bio and abiotic environmental factors, no significant relationships were found. This indicates the possibility of combining high productivity and resistance to the studied stress factors in one genotype.