Addressing mangrove degradation in Littoral Bintan, Indonesia by applying the common consent principle: An education for Littoral states

Abstract

Mangroves, referred to as green belts, have the potential to minimize environmental damage. Mangrove degradation causes marine environmental degradation, such as coastal erosion, which impacts both the coastal conditions and its users. This research employs empirical research methods and it is discovered that national data indicates that in the Kepulauan Riau Province, the mangrove forest is spread across an area of 68,417 hectares. However, approximately 37,000 hectares of the forest have been damaged or destroyed.The amount of damage inflicted is undoubtedly staggering, with the destruction of the mangrove forest region in the Riau Archipelagic Province exceeding half 55% of the total spread of mangrove forests. One of the locations most heavily impacted by damage to mangrove forests can be found on Bintan Island. Should this situation persist, it will lead to degradation of the marine environment, adversely affecting not only the coastal nation but also the end user. Thus, it is imperative to implement the principle of mutual agreement. Ramsar Convention 1971, UNCED 1992 which is part of the World Heritage Convention.