Assessment of the Effectiveness of Complex Use of Biofungicides on Spring Wheat

Abstract

In 2018–2019, the studies were carried out in order to assess the effectiveness of the use of various biofungicides on spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on grey wood soil in the Predkamsk zone of the Republic of Tatarstan. The agents based on Bacillus subtilis strain 63-Z (Baxis®) and Pseudomonas aureofaciens strain (Pseudobacterin 2®) were used as biofungicides. The chemical fungicides were used as a standard (for seed treatment – prothioconazole + tebuconazole (Lamador®); for spraying – spiroxamine + tebuconazole + triadimenol (Falcon®)). The research results showed that the use of biofungicides for seed treatment and spraying during the earing phase of wheat has a pronounced effect on the length of the stem and the number of grains in the ear. Under the influence of the use of biofungicides, the damage to plants by root rot, leaf septoria and powdery mildew was reduced. In terms of their effect on leaf septoria and powdery mildew, the chemical fungicides were somewhat superior to biological ones. The highest yield of spring soft wheat was obtained using the scheme in which the seeds were treated with Baxis and the plants in the earing phase were sprayed with Pseudobacterin 2. This scheme provided the increase in yield by 1.1 t / ha compared to control and by 0.29 t / ha when using standard chemical fungicides for seed treatment and spraying of crops. The use of such a scheme significantly reduces the cost of the protection of wheat plants from diseases. As a result of research, it was shown that with a weak and medium development of diseases, the use of biofungicides can be an effective alternative to the use of standard chemical fungicides.