Changes in the hydrothermal regime in the Central Black Earth region and the reaction of cultivated plants

Abstract

The analysis of changes in the water-temperature regime of the Central Black Earth region of Russia over the past 90 years is given. A significant increase in the dispersion of daily air temperatures and a change in the distribution of precipitation by months were noted. It has been established that the most significant limiting factor for fruit plants is currently the daily air temperature drops. The periods of the annual cycle are systematized according to the degree of damaging effect on fruit plants. It has been determined that the main tendency of changes in the hydrothermal regime on the territory of the Central Black Earth Region is its destabilization, i.e. increase of the frequency and amplitude of air temperature drops, and raise of the number of thaws in January-February. The increase of the discreteness of precipitation distribution within the year is possible - excessive moisture in some months (especially June, September, 2-3 decades of February - March) and aridity in others (July, August, November, December).