Anatomical and morphological features, and productivity of six perennial wheat varieties in the agroecological conditions of the Almaty region, Kazakhstan

Abstract

Wheat plays a leading role among cultivated crops. However, some anatomical features of the perennial wheat leaf blade structure, cell development, and metameric stem segmentation remain poorly understood. The object of the present study was six varieties of perennial wheat cultivated in the Almaty region of Kazakhstan. During the study, metameric features of the growth and development of the perennial wheat stem internodes were analyzed. The stems consisted of four internodes and very rarely of five. The variety No. 701 had the longest stem (119 ± 4 cm), while the variety Sova had the shortest one (106 ± 4 cm). The variety No. 701 also had the largest leaf blade with a length of 42 cm ± 2 cm and a width of 1.6 ± 0.09 cm, while the variety No. 704 had the smallest leaf blade with a length of 27 ± 1 cm and a width of 1.2 ± 0.06 cm. The average biological productivity of the Sova variety was 10.49 centners per hectare. The varieties No. 703, No. 704, and No. 801 demonstrated high productivity ranging from 26.08 to 28.8 centners per hectare.