Development of flower and fruit of Magnolia champaca L. in Banda Aceh city

Abstract

Magnolia champaca L., known as Jeumpa Kuneng or Bungong Jeumpa in Aceh, is culturally significant as the regional flower of Aceh Province. Used in traditional ceremonies, its fragrance and beauty inspire Acehnese poetry. Ethnobotanical studies highlight its medicinal properties, especially for treating various diseases, with the flower being the most used part. However, its utilization has potentially impacted its spread and reproduction, as seen by its declining presence in Banda Aceh. This study examines the duration and morphological characteristics of M. champaca's development and evaluates reproductive success. Observations reveal a 24- 26 day flower development process starting from generative bud emergence, with fruit formation from day 26 to 70, marked by ripening and blackening. Understanding these stages helps predict optimal fruit harvesting times. The reproductive and fruit types are monoecious hypogynous and dehiscent dry fruit. This study provides insights into the reproductive biology of M. champaca, aiding in conservation and sustainable utilization strategies.