Synthetic biology as a breakthrough direction in the creation of biological systems

Abstract

Synthetic biology as a scientific direction appeared at the beginning of the 21st century on the basis of the accumulated scientific and technological base and discoveries in the fields of systems biology, biotechnology, molecular biology, bioengineering and genetic engineering. The formation of synthetic biology as a separate area fell on the period of 2000–2010, when the first discoveries were made related to the standardization of DNA parts, combinatorial synthesis of the genetic network, synthetic schemes that promote the penetration of bacteria into tumor cells, etc., and the first scientific - research centers and teams (Craig Venter Institute and the Center for Synthetic Biology and Innovation at Imperial College London), the first international conference on synthetic biology Synthetic Biology 1.0 was held. Since 2010, there has been an intensive development of this direction, as well as an increase in the number of developments with applied applications (creation of the first synthetic cell, artemisinin synthesis, the first computer-generated genome, etc.). One of the main factors in the development of synthetic biology has been the expansion of data analysis and modeling capabilities, the active digitalization of research and the development of interdisciplinary areas, such as bioinformatics. Today, the areas of application of synthetic biology are actively expanding (medicine, pharmaceuticals, food industry, agriculture, cosmetics, textile industry, energy, etc.), which leads to an increase in its role in ensuring economic growth.