Possibilities of rapid generation cycling of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) for the stabilization of recessive traits

Abstract

This study describes the development of a novel hemp germplasm using an accelerated breeding method. Two hemp varieties, ‘Balaton’ (green stem, very early female flowering) and ‘Chamaeleon’ (yellow stem, early maturing), were chosen for breeding. The breeding method involved crossing the varieties, manipulating light conditions to induce flowering, and performing artificial pollination. Yellow stem colour, a recessive trait from ‘Chamaeleon’, was successfully incorporated into the progeny within four generations in only twelve months overall. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the accelerated breeding method for introducing new traits and highlights the advantages of this method for rapid development of new hemp varieties compared to traditional breeding techniques. However, limitations such as potential inbreeding depression and the need for outdoor testing, are acknowledged.