Efficiency and genotypic quality potential of winter wheat grain in the central chernozem region

Abstract

Winter wheat in Russia occupies more than half of the sown areas of grain crops and more than 70% of winter crops. Advanced farms with a high culture of farming (crop rotations, fertilisers, soil treatment, etc.). The yield of this crop is more than 40 kg per 1 ha. One of the reasons is the lack of scientifically substantiated varietal technology of cultivation of this crop in relation to soil-climatic and regional zones. As subjects of research, promising varieties, Skipetr,Moscovskaya 56, and Zorro were used. The research was conducted in 2020-2022 in the conditions of the foothill zone of the farm “Dubovitskoe” Maloarkhangelsky district of Orel region. The paper considers the economic value of the variety, which is determined by the totality of biological and technological, food, and baking properties of high-quality varieties of agricultural crops. The choice of high-quality varieties of winter wheat and the use of the genetic resource of the variety is a decisive factor in increasing the yield of many agricultural crops, including winter wheat. When selecting the seed, it is worthwhile to assess it competently and understand all the risks of its cultivation. For many years, breeders around the world have been working on developing new productive and productive varieties. Much attention should be paid to the adaptive adaptation of varieties to external environmental conditions, which will depend on how much stable it will be possible to obtain for the programmed yield. The result of the work done shows that the new varieties under study are not inferior but superior to the control variety, which was required to be proved.