Attention Control Training for the Prevention of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Firefighters: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Background: Firefighters are at high risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with attention bias being a contributing factor. Attention Control Training (ACT) is a cognitive behavioral intervention for PTSD treatment and prevention, but its effectiveness for firefighters is unverified. Methods: A randomized controlled trial involving the Kunming Training Brigade of the Fire Rescue Bureau assessed the impact of four weeks of ACT exercises on PTSD symptoms, attention bias, and attention-bias variability. Results: 180 individuals were randomized into two groups. Within groups, there was a significant decrease in PTSD symptoms from pre- to post-intervention for both the intervention and control groups. Additionally, a comparison of post-intervention PTSD symptoms between the intervention and control groups showed a statistically significant difference, with the intervention group showing lower levels of PTSD symptoms than the control group (U = 4688, p = 0.048, r = -0.148). The post-intervention analysis also revealed a statistically significant difference in ABV between the intervention and control groups, with the intervention group showing a greater reduction in ABV than the control group (U = 4766, p = 0.041, r = -0.153). Conclusions: The present study provides evidence that ACT can be an effective intervention for preventing PTSD among firefighters. The study highlights the importance of addressing mental health concerns among firefighters and contributes to the development of effective interventions for the prevention of PTSD among high-risk populations. Further research is needed to determine the long-term effectiveness of the intervention and to examine its generalizability to other populations.