Impulsively generated two-fluid magnetoacoustic-gravity waves: Solar chromosphere heating and plasma outflows

Abstract

Context. We use a two-fluid model to study the heating of the solar chromosphere by magnetoacoustic and magnetoacoustic-gravity waves. In the model, we include energy dissipation as a result of ion–neutral collisions. Aims. The aim of this paper is to study impulsively generated two-fluid magnetoacoustic and magnetoacoustic-gravity waves and to quantify their contribution to chromosphere heating and the generation of plasma outflows. Methods. We consider a 2D model of the gravitationally stratified and partially ionized solar atmosphere that is permeated by a vertical magnetic field. To describe the dynamics of the atmosphere, we use a set of two-fluid equations which we solve numerically with the use of the JOANNA code. Results. We show that large-amplitude impulsively generated magnetoacoustic-gravity waves can efficiently heat the chromosphere and generate plasma outflows in the low solar corona. The chromosphere is heated by ion–neutral collisions, which are most effective at the top of this atmospheric layer. Wider and larger amplitude pulses heat the atmosphere more effectively and generate faster plasma outflows. Conclusions. Large-amplitude, impulsively generated two-fluid magnetoacoustic-gravity waves have the potential to contribute to the solar chromosphere heating and plasma outflows in the low corona.