Three short-period Earth-sized planets around M dwarfs discovered by TESS: TOI-5720 b, TOI-6008 b, and TOI-6086 b
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Published:2024-07
Issue:
Volume:687
Page:A264
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ISSN:0004-6361
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Container-title:Astronomy & Astrophysics
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language:
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Short-container-title:A&A
Author:
Barkaoui K.ORCID, Schwarz R. P.ORCID, Narita N.ORCID, Mistry P.ORCID, Magliano C.ORCID, Hirano T.ORCID, Maity M.ORCID, Burgasser A. J.ORCID, Rackham B. V.ORCID, Murgas F., Pozuelos F. J.ORCID, Stassun K. G.ORCID, Everett M. E.ORCID, Ciardi D. R.ORCID, Lamman C.ORCID, Pass E. K.ORCID, Bieryla A.ORCID, Aganze C.ORCID, Esparza-Borges E.ORCID, Collins K. A.ORCID, Covone G.ORCID, de Leon J.ORCID, Dévora-Pajares M.ORCID, de Wit J.ORCID, Fukuda IzuruORCID, Fukui A.ORCID, Gerasimov R.ORCID, Gillon M.ORCID, Hayashi Y.ORCID, Howell S. B.ORCID, Ikoma M.ORCID, Ikuta K.ORCID, Jenkins J. M.ORCID, Karpoor P. R.ORCID, Kawai Y.ORCID, Kimura T., Kotani T., Latham D. W.ORCID, Mori M.ORCID, Pallé E., Parviainen H.ORCID, Patel Y. G.ORCID, Ricker G.ORCID, Relles H. M.ORCID, Shporer A.ORCID, Seager S.ORCID, Softich E.ORCID, Srdoc G., Tamura M.ORCID, Theissen C. A.ORCID, Twicken J. D.ORCID, Vanderspek R., Watanabe N.ORCID, Watkins C. N.ORCID, Winn J. N., Wohler B.ORCID
Abstract
One of the main goals of the NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission is the discovery of Earth-like planets around nearby M-dwarf stars. We present the discovery and validation of three new short-period Earth-sized planets orbiting nearby M dwarfs: TOI-5720 b, TOI-6008 b, and TOI-6086 b. We combined TESS data, ground-based multicolor light curves, ground-based optical and near-infrared spectroscopy, and Subaru/IRD radial velocity data to validate the planetary candidates and constrain the physical parameters of the systems. In addition, we used archival images, high-resolution imaging, and statistical validation techniques to support the planetary validation. TOI-5720 b is an Earth-sized planet with a radius of Rp = 1.09 ± 0.07 R⊕. It orbits a nearby (36 pc) M 2.5 host with an orbital period of P = 1.4344555 ± 0.0000036 days. It has an equilibrium temperature of Teq = 708 ± 19 K (assuming a null albedo) and an incident flux of Sp = 41.7 ± 4.5 S⊕. TOI-6008 b is a short-period planet of P = 0.8574347 ± 0.0000424 day. It has a radius of Rp = 1.03 ± 0.05 R⊕, an equilibrium temperature of Teq = 707 ± 19 K, and an incident flux of Sp = 41.5 ± 4.5 S⊕. The host star (TOI-6008) is a nearby (23 pc) M 5 with an effective temperature of Teff = 3075 ± 75 K. Based on the radial velocity measurements collected with Subaru/IRD, we set a 3σ upper limit of Mp < 4 M⊕, thus ruling out a star or brown dwarf as the transiting companion. TOI-6086 b orbits its nearby (32 pc) M 3 host star (Teff = 3200 ± 75 K) every 1.3888725 ± 0.0000827 days and has a radius of Rp = 1.18 ± 0.07 R⊕, an equilibrium temperature of Teq = 634 ± 16 K, and an incident flux of Sp = 26.8 ± 2.7 S⊕. Additional high-precision radial velocity measurements are needed to derive the planetary masses and bulk densities and to search for additional planets in the systems. Moreover, short-period Earth-sized planets orbiting around nearby M dwarfs are suitable targets for an atmospheric characterization with the James Webb Space Telescope through transmission and emission spectroscopy and phase-curve photometry.
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