The Fornax Cluster VLT Spectroscopic Survey

Abstract

The Fornax cluster provides an unparalleled opportunity of investigating the formation and evolution of early-type galaxies in a dense environment in detail. We aim at kinematically characterising photometrically detected globular cluster (GC) candidates in the core of the cluster. We used spectroscopic data from the Visible Multi Object Spectrograph at Very Large Telescope (VLT/VIMOS) from the FVSS survey in the Fornax cluster, covering one square degree around the central massive galaxy NGC 1399. We confirm a total of 777 GCs, almost doubling previously detected GCs, using the same dataset as was used before. Combined with previous literature radial velocity measurements of GCs in Fornax, we compile the most extensive spectroscopic GC sample of 2341 objects in this environment. We found that red GCs are mostly concentrated around major galaxies, while blue GCs are kinematically irregular and are widely spread throughout the core region of the cluster. The velocity dispersion profiles of blue and red GCs show a quite distinct behaviour. Blue GCs exhibit a sharp increase in the velocity dispersion profile from 250 to 400 km s−1 within 5 arcmin (∼29 kpc/∼1 reff of NGC 1399) from the central galaxy. The velocity dispersion profile of red GCs follows a constant value between 200 and 300 km s−1 until 8 arcmin (∼46 kpc/∼1.6 reff), and then rises to 350 km s−1 at 10 arcmin (∼58 kpc/∼2 reff). Beyond 10 arcmin and out to 40 arcmin (∼230 kpc/ ∼8 reff), blue and red GCs show a constant velocity dispersion of 300 ± 50 km s−1, indicating that both GC populations trace the cluster potential. We kinematically confirm and characterise the previously photometrically discovered overdensities of intra-cluster GCs. We found that these substructured intra-cluster regions in Fornax are dominated mostly by blue GCs.