Effects of Modified Ultrafiltration on Coagulation as Measured by the Thromboelastograph

Abstract

Hemodilution during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) continues to be a cause of morbidity associated with coagulation dysfunction, bleeding, and allogeneic blood transfusion. Clot formation and strength have been shown to impact bleeding and transfusions. Strategies to reduce hemodilution may be negated based on the course of the cardiac procedure itself. Modified ultrafiltration (MUF) is commonly used in pediatric cardiac surgery; however, it is not well accepted in adult surgery. This study aimed to evaluate clot formation and strength, bleeding, and transfusions in adult subjects undergoing MUF. Nineteen subjects having primary coronary artery bypass, aortic, or mitral valve surgeries were recruited and randomized to having MUF (n= 10) or no-MUF (n= 9) performed after the termination of CPB. Five time points for data collection were designated: T1, baseline/induction; T2, termination CPB; T3, post-MUF; T4, post-protamine; T5, 24 hours postoperative. Subjects randomized to MUF had 1505 ± 15.8 mL of effluent removed, and no-MUF subjects had the CPB remnants processed with a cell salvage device. There was no statistical difference seen in 24-hour chest tube output, thromboelastograph values, or allogeneic transfusions at any time point between MUF and no-MUF subjects. There was a significant difference between MUF and no-MUF in the number of autologous cell salvage units processed (1.3 ± .48 vs. 2.9 ± .78,p= .0013) and end of procedure net fluid balance (+2003 ± 1211 vs. +4194 ± 1276 mL,p= .001), respectively. Estimated plasma loss from the cell salvage device was 477.6 mL greater in the no-MUF group. In primary adult cardiac procedures, MUF did not change coagulation values as measured by thromboelastography, number of allogeneic unit transfusions, or chest tube output at 24 hours postoperatively. There was a significant difference in autologous cell salvage units processed and end of procedure net fluid balance that benefited MUF subjects.