Predicting creep-fatigue crack growth rates in Alloy 709 using finite element simulations of plasticity and creep-induced crack closure

Abstract

This paper reports on a computational study and experimental validation of creep-fatigue crack growth rates at high temperature in two structural materials. The objectives are to develop a methodology to predict creep-fatigue crack growth rates using plasticity-induced crack closure under creep-fatigue loading conditions by characterizing the effect of hold time on crack growth rates during cyclic loading. In this study, the computation of fatigue crack growth rates is based on the crack closure phenomenon. The total crack growth rate during creep-fatigue loading is based on the addition of fatigue crack growth rate during cyclic loading and creep crack growth rate during hold time. The study identifies the effects of frequency and shape of loading cycle on crack-tip opening stresses induced by the combined action of the plasticity-induced crack closure and creep relaxation at the crack tip. Two-dimensional finite element analyses of compact tension specimens are performed to simulate crack growth under cyclic and time-dependent loading conditions. Elastic-plastic-creep material behavior is considered in these simulations. Closure levels are computed for high temperature structural materials such as 9Cr-1Mo steel and Alloy 709. The numerical predictions provide satisfactory agreement with experimental data of creep-fatigue crack growth rates in modified 9Cr-1Mo and Alloy 709 steels at high temperatures.