Simple models for ice simulation for hydrotechnical engineering

Abstract

The mechanical behaviour of ice is a complex phenomenon that is influenced by various factors, such as temperature, loading conditions, and structural geometry. To accurately predict the response of ice structures and estimate ice loads, appropriate models are required. In this article, we have reviewed several widely known material models for ice, including elastic, viscoelastic, plastic, damage, and fracture models. Elastic models are simple and easy to use, but they do not account for the time-dependent behaviour of ice. Viscoelastic models, on the other hand, can predict the evolution of damage and failure in ice structures but can be computationally ex-pensive. Plastic models can simulate the ductile behaviour of ice under high stress but do not account for damage and fracture. Damage models can simulate the evolution of damage and failure in ice structures but can also be computationally expensive. Fracture models can simulate the brittle behaviour of ice and predict crack propagation but require accurate input data. In practice, a combination of models is often used to account for different aspects of ice behaviour. With the advances in computer technology and simulation techniques, it is be-coming increasingly possible to simulate more complex ice structures and loading conditions. This could lead to the development of more accurate and efficient ice models that can be used for a wider range of applications, such as predicting the behaviour of ice structures in response to climate change. The effects of climate change on the behaviour of ice and the resulting impact on infrastructure are a growing concern. Therefore, the development of more accurate and efficient ice models is critical for the sustainable development of these regions.