Tuberculosis surveillance in adolescents: what to learn from European Union/European Economic Area data?

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To describe tuberculosis (TB) characteristics in the adolescent 10–19 years age group that is often underrepresented in surveillance and studies despite the high global TB burden estimated for this group.SETTING AND DESIGN: We use the case-based data reported to the European Surveillance System (TESSy) from European Union (EU)/European Economic Area (EEA) countries between 2007 and 2016 to describe notification rates, TB characteristics and treatment outcomes among adolescent TB cases. We also compare TB characteristics in young adolescents (10–14 years) and older adolescents (15–19 years).RESULTS: For the period 2007 to 2016, 705 826 TB cases were reported to TESSy by 29 EU/EEA countries, 38 054 (5.4%) of which were adolescents. The overall EU/EEA notification rate among adolescents was 6.9 per 100 000 population, 3.5 among young adolescents and 10.1 among older adolescents. The two adolescent groups had differences regarding sex distribution, site of disease, sputum smear microscopy positivity, laboratory confirmation and treatment outcome.CONCLUSION: Younger and older adolescents should be analysed as separate groups when studying and reporting TB, particularly to inform better targeting of TB prevention and care interventions in the future, in order to improve outcomes.