Sustainable Manufacturing Process of ZnO Nanoparticles and its Biomedical Activities - A Review from Recent Literature

Abstract

The metals and metal oxides that are synthesized at the nanoscale have found a wide range of applications in a variety of fields including textile, food, automotive, cosmetic and pharmaceuticals. These nanoparticles (NPs) possess unique properties including surface area, shape, size, optical properties, low toxicity, huge band gap and high binding energy. As a simple, affordable, and secure material for human welfare, ZnO NPs are of particular importance among the other NPs, which possess exceptional thermal and chemical as well as distinctive optical properties. The green manufacturing technique of ZnO NPs using plant/herbage extract has been documented by various researchers over the past decade. But still, there is number of prevailing issues that prevent the large-scale production of NPs and subsequent applications. This article reviews the recent (2021 and 2022) literature on the simple, efficient, affordable and environmentally friendly green methods for bio-synthesis of Zinc salts such as zinc sulphate (ZnSO4), zinc nitrate (Zn (NO3)2) and zinc acetate (Zn (CH3CO2)2) using different plant/herbage extract which are collected from various locations. Zinc salts were utilized as a precursor in this method and phytochemicals presents in the plant extract reduces the zinc salt to zinc oxide and stabilize the NPs. Discussion has been done for characterization of synthesized ZnO NPs and also the activities including Anti-cancer, Anti-fungal, and Anti-bacteria.