Production of NaNi_0.5Co_0.3Mn_0.2O₂ (Na-NCM 532) for Sodium-Ion Battery via Combination Method

Abstract

Battery technology applications for energy storage are currently increasing. The most popular kind of battery in use today is the lithium-ion battery. However, lithium is limited. In fact, the need for batteries as energy storage devices grows over time. One alternative for replacing lithium-ion batteries is the sodium-ion battery because its characteristics are similar to lithium’s and it is very abundant. In this study, Na-NCM 532 has been successfully produced using a co-precipitation and solid-state method combination. The co-precipitation process, using oxalic acid as a precipitation agent and ammonia as a pH adjustor, can be used to create sodium ion-based cathode materials. It is clear from the characterization that the material has been formed and has a good structure. A hexagonally layered material structure can be seen in the XRD patterns. FTIR analysis revealed that the material was produced after the sintering process. The morphology of the substance, which has dimensions between 1 to 5 micrometers, was revealed by a SEM investigation. The EIS test results show a battery conductivity of 1.24 x 10-4 Scm-1. The electrochemical performance of the Na-NCM 532 cathode sodium battery and hard carbon anode was evaluated in a type 18650 cylindrical cell. The sodium battery was tested at a voltage window of 1.5-3.7 V and a current of 0.05C produced a capacity of 40 mAhg-1.