Effect of Tool Design on the Mechanical Properties of Bobbin Friction Stir Welded High-Density Polyethylene Sheets: Experimental Study

Abstract

Welding polymers by the friction stir welding (FSW) technique is one assembly process among several known assembly techniques which consists in welding two materials without filler material. The FSW process is based on the generation of heat due to friction and material deformation under an axial force. Among the main aspects affecting material flow, the choice of welding tool geometry has become of great interest to improve the welds quality. The main objective of this work is the welding of polymers using the FSW technique. A new method of welding HDPE (high density polyethylene) plates, called BT-FSW (bobbin tool friction stir welding) was developed. Standard rectangular shape intended for the distribution of natural gas has been successfully welded by BT-FSW. Tensile tests and hardness measurements were carried out on samples cut from the welded sheets and the results were analyzed to compare the mechanical characteristics of the plates welded by the BT-FSW and conventional FSW (C-FSW) processes. The results of the comparative studies on the micro-hardness characteristics and mechanical properties of the two welding processes indicate that welding using the bobbin tool can significantly reduce hardness and improve both weld formation and mechanical properties of joints. This study showed that the design of the welding tool has a big impact on the weld strength. An improvement in the mechanical properties of the specimens welded by BT-FSW was observed to give a better welding quality for the polymers studied.