Structural Analysis and Dielectric Properties of Oxygen Non-Stoichiometry 5% Fe-Doped BaTiO₃ Ceramic

Abstract

The 5 mol% Fe-doped BaTiO3 ceramic has been synthesized by using solid-state method. The sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Impedance spectroscopy. It is interesting to note that the sample can developed a phase transformation between 1000 °C to 1350 °C. The XRD results showed that sample exhibited cubic structure when heated at 1000 °C and developed oxygen non-stoichiometry when it was heated at 1350 °C for 8 hours. It was confirmed by the ceramic color changes. The dielectric properties of the sample is relatively low which is due to the oxygen non-stoichiometry effect and gives the dielectric constant, εr value around 150 at 30 °C with frequency 1 kHz. The capacitance value of this sample lies within 10-8 to 10-10 which represents that the electrical properties of the sample has shown bulk and grain boundary response. There are pores that can be observed from the SEM images indicates the porosity of the sample which is in a good agreement with the low dielectric constant value. Moreover, the grains are composed of rectangular orientations, hexagonal shapes and inhomogeneous microstructures that might represent the coexistence of tetragonal and hexagonal phase of the sample.