Optical Graphene for Biosensor Application: A Review

Abstract

One of the most often credited materials for opening up new possibilities in the creation of next-generation biosensors is graphene oxide (GO). GO has good water dispersibility, biocompatibility, and high affinity for specific biomolecules due to the coexistence of hydrophobic domains from pristine graphite structure and hydrophilic oxygen containing functional groups, as well as properties of graphene itself that are partly dependent on preparation methods. The high signal output and a strong potential for rapid industrial growth rate, graphene-based materials, such as graphene oxide (GO), are receiving substantial interest in bio sensing applications. Some of graphene's most enticing qualities are its superior conductivity and mechanical capabilities (such as toughness and elasticity), as well as its high reactivity to chemical compounds. The existence of waves on the surface (natural or created) is another property/variable that has immense potential if properly utilized. Single cell detection can be performed by optical biosensors based on graphene. The present state of knowledge about the use of graphene for bio sensing is reviewed in this article. We briefly cover the use of graphene for bio sensing applications in general, with a focus on wearable graphene-based biosensors. The intrinsic graphene ripples and their impact on graphene bio sensing capabilities are extensively examined.