The Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Structural and Magnetic Properties of Lanthanum Doped Cobalt Ferrite with the Bengawan Solo River Fine Sediment as the Source of Fe³⁺

Abstract

The effect of annealing temperature on the structural and magnetic properties of a rare earth (La3+) doped cobalt ferrite with fine sediment from the Bengawan Solo River as the source of Fe3+ has been studied. Co-presipitation method is use for preparation nanoparticles whole this experiment. In order to modified the physical properties, the annealing treatment of 2000C, 3000C, and 4000C are performed. The obtained nanoparticles are characterized their structural properties by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Then, magnetic properties evaluated by using Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). XRD results have shown that there is an increase in crystallite size with an increase in the given annealing temperature from 24.56 nm to 27.83 nm. The increase in crystallite size can be attributed to the increase in the internal energy of the crystal structure which promotes atomic diffusion. Meanwhile, there is a decrease in the value of the lattice parameter with an increase in the given annealing temperature. The decrease in lattice parameters with increasing crystallite size is generally due to the lattice parameters reaching a minimum energy with increasing crystallite size. The formation of La3+-O2- for the incorporation of rare earth ions into the lattice requires high energy. The FTIR results show an absorption that appears at the peak around ~580 cm-1. This indicates that the La3+ cation has successfully replaced the original structure of cobalt ferrite. The VSM results show that there is an increase in the value of Hc with an increase in the annealing temperature given from 100 Oe to 160 Oe. This is supported by the increase of anisotropy constant and increasing temperature annealing.