Hydroxyapatite Extracted from Waste Fish Bones and Scales via Calcination Method

Abstract

A hydroxyapatite is known as one of vital materials and common use in biomedical field and concentrated in clinical area. In relation to the above, the development of hydroxyapatite powder becomes an attractive research lines due to simplify in produce it. Thus in this paper the researcher stress out about Hydroxyapatite powder gained from the natural sources or so called as the waste of Tilapia bone and scales. The raw bones of and scale were undergo to crushing process to form in powder size (0.2 mm) then analysed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to identified the mineralogy of raw bone. Moreover the powder of fish bone and scales also go through to Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) machine to analyse the microstructure of the powder while EDS act as device to determine the chemical composition of the sample powder. Sample powder then forward calcination process at selected temperature range to as a cheaper method in obtained hydroxyapatite raw sources. The range of calcination temperatures are between 800°C to 1000 °C. The sample preparation were analysed in both condition before and after calcination process by using XRD, SEM and EDS. The HAP crystalline composition of tilapia bones for raw powder and at 800 °C are similar with HAP pattern (JDS 00-009-0432) and the chemical reaction is Ca5(PO4)3(OH) then at temperature 900 and 1000 similar to HAP pattern (JDS 00-055-0592) with chemical reaction equal to Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2.