Adaptive Model to Apply the Upper-Bound Theorem in Plain Strain Forging

Abstract

Present work applies the Upper-Bound Theorem (UBT) with Triangular Rigid Blocks (TRB) to metal forming compression processes like plane strain forge, offering an upper limit to required deformation energy. This analytical method, usually used by means of simplified models, is developed here incorporating different effects that impact in evolution of deformation process like shape factor and friction. By means of a new adaptive model, the shape and size of the rigid zones used for the UBT application are optimized according to the ratio of the width and the height of workpiece.