A Review on Titanium Dioxide Based Nanofluids: Synthesis and Stabilizing Techniques in Both “Pure (Single System) and Mixed (Hybrid System) Base Fluids”

Abstract

Nanofluids have been an attractive field of study due to its important effect on enhancing the thermal conductivity when used in heat transfer applications. Titanium dioxide based nanofluid specifically has been a focus of study due to its distinguished properties as it results in a very good heat transfer enhancement with low viscosity and low-pressure drop while maintaining a very good stability of dispersion for a long time. Also, Titanium dioxide is relatively cheap and non-toxic so using it as a nanofluid will be more economical and safer in many industries. This review represents the most recent synthesis methods of titanium dioxide based nanofluid in both pure and Mixed (hybrid system) base fluids along with the analysis of its properties and the outcome findings. All of which will be discussed in this paper coherently and thoroughly which will be a good reference and makes it easier for other researchers to investigate and choose the suitable synthesis conditions that give them the required nanofluid properties and stability.