Development and Characterization of Bovine Hydroxyapatite Porous Bone Graft for Biomedical Applications

Abstract

The porous Hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramics have found enormous use in biomedical applications including bone tissue regeneration, cell proliferation, and drug delivery. This paper investigates the preparation and characterization of bovine Hydroxyapatite (BHA) porous bone graft by mixing sucrose powder as porogens with bovine bone powder. After uniaxially pressing at 156 MPa and pressurelessly sintering in air atmosphere at 1200°C for 2 hours the bioceramic showed an interconnecting porosity. The XRD analysis indicated that bovine hydroxyapatite (BHA) porous bone graft resulted in this research is single phase HA and is believed to be pure HA as indicated by the peak of the diffraction patterns (JCPDS 9-432). The phase analysis also shows that BHA porous bone graft is highly crystalline with domain crystallites sizes are between ~46 to ~99 nm (~4.6 to ~9.9 Å). Several trace elements in human bone such as titanium (Ti), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) were also detected in BHA porous bone graft as indicated by SR-XRF. This object is promising for bone regeneration because the interconnecting porosity in carbonated apatite provides a good environment for bone attachment and ingrowths