Development of Plant Genetic Diversity by Biotechnology and Genomics

Abstract

Interactions between civilizations and ethnic groups have generated a fusion of customs and lifestyles, with an important effect on plant genetic diversity. The loss of local species and varieties usually results in irreversible loss of the genetic diversity they contain, this has dangerously shrunk the genetic pool that is available for natural selection and art selection, and has consequently increased the vulnerability of agricultural crops to sudden changes in climate, and to the appearance of new pests. Currently, biotechnology and genomic selection have enabled the genetic alteration of crops, improved soil productivity, and enhanced weed and pest control, and benefit to the development of plant genetic diversity. For example, next generation sequencing (NGS) and bioinformatics, as the gold standard, they provide a powerful tool for discovery of domestication genes in crop plants and their wild relatives.The objectives of this article are to review the development of plant genetic diversity and summarize the research of biotechnology and genomics for plant. Then, we look forward and consider the significant of development of plant genetic diversity by biotechnology and genomics.