Mapping the Refractive Index of Dielectric Surfaces with Spherical Plasmonic Nanoantenna

Abstract

Here we demonstrate successful mapping the variations of the refractive index of a smooth dielectric surface by detecting spectral response of a single spherical-shape Ag nanoparticle optically aligned with a supporting optical fiber axicon microlens. We propose and examine various excitation schemes of the plasmonic nanoantenna to provide efficient interaction of its dipolar and quadrupolar modes with the underlying sample surface and to optimize the mapping resolution and sensitivity. Supporting finite-difference time-domain calculations are undertaken to tailor the interaction of the plasmonic nanoantenna and the underlying dielectric substrate upon various excitation conditions demonstrating good agreement with our experimental findings and explaining the obtained results.